Artificial Intelligence’s $4.8 Trillion Future: UN Warns of Widening Digital Divide without Urgent Action

UNCTAD Secretary-General Rebeca Grynspan underlined the importance of stronger international cooperation to shift the focus “from technology to people,” and enable countries “to co-create a global artificial intelligence framework”.

A jobs revolution

The report estimates that up to 40 percent of global jobs could be affected by AI. 

While the technology brings new opportunities, especially through productivity gains and new industries, it also raises serious concerns about automation and job displacement – especially in economies where low-cost labour has been a competitive advantage.

But it’s not all bad news. UNCTAD’s experts argue that AI is not just about replacing jobs – it can also create new industries and empower workers.

If governments invest in reskilling, upskilling and workforce adaptation, they can ensure AI enhances employment opportunities rather than eliminate them.

© ADB/Narendra Shrestha | Students attend a computer class at a secondary school in Kailali, Nepal.

How to prepare?

To avoid being left behind, developing countries need to strengthen what UNCTAD calls the “three key leverage points”: infrastructure, data and skills.

That means investing in fast, reliable internet connections and the computing power needed to store and process vast amounts of information.

It also means ensuring access to diverse, high-quality datasets to train AI systems in ways that are effective and fair.

And crucially, it requires building education systems that equip people with the digital and problem-solving skills needed to thrive in an AI-driven world.

Not just national: A global effort

Beyond national policies, UNCTAD calls for stronger international collaboration to guide the development of artificial intelligence.

The report proposes establishing a shared global facility to give all countries equitable access to computing power and AI tools.

It also recommends creating a public disclosure framework for AI, similar to existing environmental, social and governance (ESG) standards, to boost transparency and accountability. 

“History has shown that while technological progress drives economic growth, it does not on its own ensure equitable income distribution or promote inclusive human development,” noted Ms. Grynspan, calling for people to be at the centre of the AI revolution.